Along with teaching subject content and its pedagogy, component 2A requires teachers to know their students as well. Teachers must understand that students learn through active intellectual engagement with content. Teachers should get to know their students outside of the classroom and what they enjoy to do, and then teachers should incorporate these interests into the lessons. In knowing their students, teachers must recognize if they have ELLs and form proper modifications for them when lesson planning. Teachers should also know how students develop cognitively and how to engage students cognitively. Knowing their students' cultures is important because teachers can incorporate culture into learning to further engage students. It is crucial that teachers understand that students have different learning needs and do not learn at the same pace because teachers should take this into consideration when lesson planning.
References: The Framework for Teaching Evaluating Instrument Domain 1: Planning and Preparation. (2011). Retrieved October 10, 2018, from https://www.danielsongroup.org/framework/